CONTENT
Causes of death across Sierra Leone are changing because of Population Increase, Life Expectancy rise and Living Standard.On this below article we provide graphical representation of major causes of death in Sierra Leone.
Highlights of Sierra Leone BMI and Diet Compositions
Comprehensive data on food supply and consumption is published by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Data was analyzed by The Global Graph and is published in these below Highlights, Graphs and Tables (Data Quality & definitions)
- As per United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), average person in Sierra Leone gets their caloric supply from :
- Carbohydrates : 90.85%
90.85% - Fat : 29.16%
29.16% - Plant protein : 9.09%
9.09% - Animal protein : 3.28%
3.28% - 32.38% increase in caloric supply : Currently Sierra Leone gets 2404/kilocalories per person per day worth of caloric supply when compared to 1816/kilocalories per person per day in Year 1961
- Cereals & Grains, Oils & Fats and Starchy Roots are three major diet compositions in Sierra Leone
- Rice, Wheat and Maize are three major Cereal preferences in Sierra Leone
- National and World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations on vegetable intake is to range between 200-250g per day and in Sierra Leone average intake is 155.84 grams
- Citrus, other, Plantains and Oranges & Mandarines are three major Fruit Types Intake in Sierra Leone
- National and World Health Organization (WHO) typically set a guideline of 200g Fruit Intake per day and in Sierra Leone average Fruit intake is 103.89grams
- In Sierra Leone, average male height is in the decreasing trend and female height is in decreasing trend
- 24.90% of population is suffering from obesity and this trend is continously increasing from last few years
- Average Male BMI in Sierra Leone is in the range of normal and Average Female BMI is in range of normal (BMI = Body Mass Index - The WHO define a BMI <=18.5 as 'underweight'; 18.5 to 25 as 'normal/healthy'; 25.0 to 30.0 as 'obese')
| Rank | Cereals | kcal/capita/day |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rice | 957 |
| 2 | Wheat | 75 |
| 3 | Maize | 40 |
| 4 | Sorghum | 24 |
| 5 | Oats | 0 |
| Rank | Type | kilocalories per person per day |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cereals & Grains | 1154 |
| 2 | Oils & Fats | 444 |
| 3 | Starchy Roots | 375 |
| 4 | Pulses | 105 |
| 5 | Meat | 99 |
| 6 | Fruits & Vegetables | 82 |
| 7 | Sugar | 57 |
| 8 | Alcoholic Beverages | 50 |
| 9 | Other | 20 |
| 10 | Dairy & Eggs | 18 |
Major Cause of Death
Malaria was a major cause of death in Sierra Leone with 9065 registered deaths (in year 2016) i.e. 16% of total deaths. Overall Malaria, Cardiovascular diseases and Lower respiratory infections were the highest types of death causes in Sierra Leone.
- We see the maximum number of deaths is seen in age group Under-5 with 27472 deaths (year 2016).
- 25.83% kids below age 5 years die because of Malaria.
- Malaria, Diarrheal diseases and Lower respiratory infections are the major cause of death in kids aged 5 - 14 years.
- HIV/AIDS, Cardiovascular disease and Tuberculosis are the major cause of death in people aged 14 - 49 years.
- Cardiovascular diseases, Cancers and Lower respiratory infections are the major cause of death in people aged over 50 years.
- Overall, it's observed that 29% of people aging over 50 years die because of Cardiovascular diseases.
Major Risk Factors of Death
- Three Major factors of death in Sierra Leone are Child wasting, Household air pollution and Unsafe water source. Every year around 4799 people die due to Child wasting.
- Child wasting and Unsafe water source are the major risk factor of kids death aging under 5 years.
- Unsafe water source and Poor sanitation are the major risk factors of death of people aging between 5 to 14 years.
- Unsafe sex, Alcohol use and High blood pressure are the death risk factors of people aging between 15 to 49 years.
- High blood pressure, Household air pollution and Alcohol use are the major death risk factors of people aging between 50 to 69 years.
- High blood pressure is the major death risk factors for people aging more than 70 years.
Cancer Analysis
0.21% of Sierra Leone population was suffering from cancer i.e. 6204 people (average of years 2011-2016). Highest number of cancer patients deaths were recorded due to Stomach cancer (Count : 359) and Cervical cancer was also concerning with 357 deaths in a year. In last few years it has been observed that, people suffering from Esophageal cancer have 11% of survival chance.Sierra Leone was really successful in diagnosing Kidney cancer where 90% of people were cured.Highest number of cancer patients i.e. 2645 people were of age group 50-69 year olds.In 2016, 432 were suffering from Stomach cancer out of which 359 people were dead. This means 83.1% death rate of people suffering from Stomach cancer. This below data represents major cancer types in Sierra Leone and number of deaths due to particular cancer types :
- 0.21 % of Sierra Leone population is suffering from cancer
- Highest number of deaths were registered due to Stomach cancer
- Kidney cancer was most cured cancer in Sierra Leone
- Stomach cancer got lowest survival rate
Tables (Appendix)
| Cause of Death | Number of Deaths | % of Total Deaths |
|---|---|---|
| Dementia | 246 | 0.43% |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 7144 | 12.37% |
| Kidney disease | 592 | 1.03% |
| Respiratory disease | 1049 | 1.82% |
| Liver disease | 1101 | 1.91% |
| Diabetes, blood and endocrine disease | 2482 | 4.3% |
| Digestive disease | 1080 | 1.87% |
| Hepatitis | 249 | 0.43% |
| Cancers | 3427 | 5.94% |
| Parkinson's disease | 20 | 0.03% |
| Fire | 221 | 0.38% |
| Malaria | 9065 | 15.7% |
| Drowning | 366 | 0.63% |
| Homicide | 104 | 0.18% |
| HIV/AIDS | 2361 | 4.09% |
| Drug disorder | 52 | 0.09% |
| Tuberculosis | 2287 | 3.96% |
| Road incidents | 893 | 1.55% |
| Maternal deaths | 1275 | 2.21% |
| Neonatal deaths | 6152 | 10.66% |
| Alcohol disorder | 50 | 0.09% |
| Natural disasters | 0 | 0% |
| Diarrheal diseases | 6310 | 10.93% |
| Meningitis | 1980.46106891 | 3.43% |
| Tuberculosis | 2287 | 3.96% |
| HIV/AIDS | 2361 | 4.09% |
| Diabetes, blood and endocrine disease | 2482 | 4.3% |
| Cancers | 3427 | 5.94% |
| Neonatal deaths | 6152 | 10.66% |
| Diarrheal diseases | 6310 | 10.93% |
| Lower respiratory infections | 6372.74913799 | 11.04% |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 7144 | 12.37% |
| Malaria | 9065 | 15.7% |