100.00% Increase in Rwanda's CPIA public sector management and institutions cluster average (1=low to 6=high) - The World Bank Report

Last Update: This Article was Last updated on | Published by : theglobalgraph.com | Category : Rwanda

Highlights of this Analysis on Rwanda (Comparison 2010 vs 2018) :

100.00% Increase in CPIA public sector management and institutions cluster average (1=low to 6=high)
100.00% Decrease in CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total)
22.22% Increase in Forest area (% of land area)
47.13% Increase in Methane emissions (% change from 1990)
78.57% Increase in Access to electricity (% of population)
8.00% Increase in Agricultural land (% of land area)

Rwanda a Sub-Saharan Africa regioned country, is categorized as Low income country by United Nations. These below are few data elements published by The World Bank impacting overall Climate Change.

Climate change is an acute threat to global development and efforts to end poverty. Without urgent action, climate change impacts could push an additional 100 million people into poverty by 2030.Countries and communities around the world are already experiencing increased climate change impacts – including droughts, floods, more intense and frequent natural disasters, and sea-level rise – and the poorest and most vulnerable are being hit the hardest.

Rwanda Urban population (% of total population)

Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. The data are collected and smoothed by United Nations Population Division.

Data Source : United Nations Population Division. World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision.

Year

Rwanda Urban population (% of total population)
Year	Values
1960	3
1970	3
1980	5
1990	5
2000	14
2010	17

Rwanda Urban population

Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated using World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects. Aggregation of urban and rural population may not add up to total population because of different country coverages.

Data Source : World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision.

Observation : Rwanda Urban population is in Increasing trend

76325
113997
231814
388737
1054974
1656223

Year

Rwanda Urban population
Year	Values
1960	76325
1970	113997
1980	231814
1990	388737
2000	1054974
2010	1656223

Rwanda Urban population growth (annual %)

Data Source : World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision.

Observation : Rwanda Urban population growth (annual %) is in Decreasing trend

Year

Rwanda Urban population growth (annual %)
Year	Values
1960	5
1970	5
1980	5
1990	4
2000	13
2010	3

Rwanda Population, total

Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.

Data Source : (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.

Observation : Rwanda Population, total is in Increasing trend

2935582
3643237
4978817
7276985
7501234
9782770

Year

Rwanda Population, total
Year	Values
1960	2935582
1970	3643237
1980	4978817
1990	7276985
2000	7501234
2010	9782770

Rwanda Population growth (annual %)

Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage . Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.

Data Source : Derived from total population. Population source: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision, (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.

Observation : Rwanda Population growth (annual %) is in Decreasing trend

Year

Rwanda Population growth (annual %)
Year	Values
1960	3
1970	3
1980	3
1990	3
2000	7
2010	3

Rwanda Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)

Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.

Data Source : Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.

Observation : Rwanda Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) is in Decreasing trend

Year

Rwanda Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
Year	Values
1960	222
1970	218
1980	231
1990	149
2000	190
2010	71

Rwanda Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.

Data Source : UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)

Observation : Rwanda Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	0
1990	44
2000	29
2010	69

Rwanda School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)

Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary and secondary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.

Data Source : UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/)

Observation : Rwanda School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) is in Stable trend

Year

Rwanda School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	1
1990	1
2000	1
2010	1

Rwanda Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)

Agriculture corresponds to ISIC divisions 1-5 and includes forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3 or 4.

Data Source : World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.

Observation : Rwanda Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) is in Decreasing trend

Year

Rwanda Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	66
1980	49
1990	40
2000	36
2010	29

Rwanda CPIA public sector management and institutions cluster average (1=low to 6=high)

The public sector management and institutions cluster includes property rights and rule-based governance, quality of budgetary and financial management, efficiency of revenue mobilization, quality of public administration, and transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector.

Data Source : World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).

Observation : Rwanda CPIA public sector management and institutions cluster average (1=low to 6=high) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda CPIA public sector management and institutions cluster average (1=low to 6=high)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	0
1990	0
2000	0
2010	4

Rwanda Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population)

Population in urban agglomerations of more than one million is the percentage of a country's population living in metropolitan areas that in 2018 had a population of more than one million people.

Data Source : United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.

Observation : Rwanda Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population)
Year	Values
1960	1
1970	2
1980	2
1990	3
2000	6
2010	8

Rwanda Droughts, floods, extreme temperatures (% of population, average 1990-2009)

Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.

Data Source : EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.

Observation : Rwanda Droughts, floods, extreme temperatures (% of population, average 1990-2009) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda Droughts, floods, extreme temperatures (% of population, average 1990-2009)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	0
1990	0
2000	0
2010	1

Rwanda Nitrous oxide emissions (% change from 1990)

Nitrous oxide emissions are emissions from agricultural biomass burning, industrial activities, and livestock management. Each year of data shows the percentage change to that year from 1990.

Data Source : World Bank staff estimates from original source: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)/Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL). Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR): http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/.

Observation : Rwanda Nitrous oxide emissions (% change from 1990) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda Nitrous oxide emissions (% change from 1990)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	0
1990	0
2000	4
2010	126

Rwanda Nitrous oxide emissions (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent)

Nitrous oxide emissions are emissions from agricultural biomass burning, industrial activities, and livestock management.

Data Source : European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)/Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL). Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR): http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Observation : Rwanda Nitrous oxide emissions (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent) is in Increasing trend

0
0
686
733
749
1620

Year

Rwanda Nitrous oxide emissions (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	686
1990	733
2000	749
2010	1620

Rwanda Methane emissions (% change from 1990)

Methane emissions are those stemming from human activities such as agriculture and from industrial methane production. Each year of data shows the percentage change to that year from 1990.

Observation : Rwanda Methane emissions (% change from 1990) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda Methane emissions (% change from 1990)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	0
1990	0
2000	46
2010	87

Rwanda Methane emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent)

Methane emissions are those stemming from human activities such as agriculture and from industrial methane production.

Observation : Rwanda Methane emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent) is in Increasing trend

0
0
1388
1682
2162
2769

Year

Rwanda Methane emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	1388
1990	1682
2000	2162
2010	2769

Rwanda Total greenhouse gas emissions (% change from 1990)

Total greenhouse gas emissions are composed of CO2 totals excluding short-cycle biomass burning (such as agricultural waste burning and Savannah burning) but including other biomass burning (such as forest fires, post-burn decay, peat fires and decay of drained peatlands), all anthropogenic CH4 sources, N2O sources and F-gases (HFCs, PFCs and SF6). Each year of data shows the percentage change to that year from 1990.

Observation : Rwanda Total greenhouse gas emissions (% change from 1990) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda Total greenhouse gas emissions (% change from 1990)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	0
1990	0
2000	49
2010	83

Rwanda Total greenhouse gas emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent)

Total greenhouse gas emissions in kt of CO2 equivalent are composed of CO2 totals excluding short-cycle biomass burning (such as agricultural waste burning and Savannah burning) but including other biomass burning (such as forest fires, post-burn decay, peat fires and decay of drained peatlands), all anthropogenic CH4 sources, N2O sources and F-gases (HFCs, PFCs and SF6).

Observation : Rwanda Total greenhouse gas emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent) is in Increasing trend

0
0
2388
3476
4837
5967

Year

Rwanda Total greenhouse gas emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	2388
1990	3476
2000	4837
2010	5967

Rwanda Other greenhouse gas emissions (% change from 1990)

Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. Each year of data shows the percentage change to that year from 1990.

Observation : Rwanda Other greenhouse gas emissions (% change from 1990) is in Decreasing trend

Year

Rwanda Other greenhouse gas emissions (% change from 1990)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	0
1990	0
2000	210
2010	109

Rwanda Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent)

Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.

Observation : Rwanda Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent) is in Decreasing trend

0
0
-47
266
1047
508

Year

Rwanda Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	-47
1990	266
2000	1047
2010	508

Rwanda CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (% of total)

Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.

Data Source : Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.

Observation : Rwanda CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (% of total) is in Decreasing trend

Year

Rwanda CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (% of total)
Year	Values
1960	100
1970	94
1980	99
1990	95
2000	94
2010	91

Rwanda CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt)

Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.

Data Source : Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.

Observation : Rwanda CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt)
Year	Values
1960	106
1970	55
1980	293
1990	653
2000	477
2010	524

Rwanda CO2 emissions (kt)

Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.

Data Source : Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.

Observation : Rwanda CO2 emissions (kt) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda CO2 emissions (kt)
Year	Values
1960	106
1970	59
1980	297
1990	689
2000	510
2010	576

Rwanda CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total)

Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.

Data Source : Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.

Observation : Rwanda CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total) is in Decreasing trend

Year

Rwanda CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	1
1990	0
2000	1
2010	0

Rwanda CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt)

Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.

Data Source : Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.

Observation : Rwanda CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt) is in Decreasing trend

Year

Rwanda CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	4
1990	0
2000	4
2010	0

Rwanda Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption)

Renewable energy consumption is the share of renewables energy in total final energy consumption.

Data Source : World Bank, Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) database from the SE4ALL Global Tracking Framework led jointly by the World Bank, International Energy Agency, and the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program.

Observation : Rwanda Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) is in Stable trend

Year

Rwanda Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	0
1990	0
2000	91
2010	91

Rwanda Renewable electricity output (% of total electricity output)

Renewable electricity is the share of electrity generated by renewable power plants in total electricity generated by all types of plants.

Data Source : IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2018 (http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp), subject to https://www.iea.org/t&c/termsandconditions/

Observation : Rwanda Renewable electricity output (% of total electricity output) is in Decreasing trend

Year

Rwanda Renewable electricity output (% of total electricity output)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	0
1990	0
2000	97
2010	40

Rwanda Access to electricity (% of population)

Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources.

Observation : Rwanda Access to electricity (% of population) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda Access to electricity (% of population)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	0
1990	0
2000	3
2010	14

Rwanda Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors, and is divided by GDP.

Data Source : International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and Balance of Payments databases, World Bank, International Debt Statistics, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.

Observation : Rwanda Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	1
1990	1
2000	0
2010	2

Rwanda Cereal yield (kg per hectare)

Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. The FAO allocates production data to the calendar year in which the bulk of the harvest took place. Most of a crop harvested near the end of a year will be used in the following year.

Data Source : Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site.

Observation : Rwanda Cereal yield (kg per hectare) is in Increasing trend

0
995
1086
1155
825
1736

Year

Rwanda Cereal yield (kg per hectare)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	995
1980	1086
1990	1155
2000	825
2010	1736

Rwanda Forest area (% of land area)

Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens.

Data Source : Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site.

Observation : Rwanda Forest area (% of land area) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda Forest area (% of land area)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	0
1990	0
2000	14
2010	18

Rwanda Forest area (sq. km)

Data Source : Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site.

Observation : Rwanda Forest area (sq. km) is in Increasing trend

0
0
0
0
3414
4338

Year

Rwanda Forest area (sq. km)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	0
1980	0
1990	0
2000	3414
2010	4338

Rwanda Arable land (% of land area)

Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.

Data Source : Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site.

Observation : Rwanda Arable land (% of land area) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda Arable land (% of land area)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	21
1980	30
1990	34
2000	35
2010	45

Rwanda Agricultural land (% of land area)

Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.

Data Source : Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site.

Observation : Rwanda Agricultural land (% of land area) is in Increasing trend

Year

Rwanda Agricultural land (% of land area)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	57
1980	69
1990	75
2000	67
2010	73

Rwanda Agricultural land (sq. km)

Data Source : Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site.

Observation : Rwanda Agricultural land (sq. km) is in Increasing trend

0
13970
16970
18550
16610
18089

Year

Rwanda Agricultural land (sq. km)
Year	Values
1960	0
1970	13970
1980	16970
1990	18550
2000	16610
2010	18089